Article Of Footwear Having An Upper Incorporating A Knitted Component

ABSTRACT

An article of footwear has an upper that includes a knitted component and a sole structure secured to the upper. The knitted component may define a tube formed of unitary knit construction, and a strand may extend through a length of the tube. As another example, the knitted component may have a pair of at least partially coextensive knitted layers formed of unitary knit construction, and a plurality of floating yarns may extend between the knitted layers. In some configurations, the knit type or yarn type may vary in different regions of the knitted component to impart different properties. Additionally, the knitted component may incorporate a thermoplastic yarn that is fused in different regions of the knitted component to impart different properties. A flat knitting process or a variety of other knitting processes may be utilized to form the knitted component.

BACKGROUND

Conventional articles of footwear generally include two primaryelements, an upper and a sole structure. The upper is secured to thesole structure and forms a void on the interior of the footwear forcomfortably and securely receiving a foot. The sole structure is securedto a lower surface of the upper so as to be positioned between the upperand the ground. In some articles of athletic footwear, for example, thesole structure may include a midsole and an outsole. The midsole may beformed from a polymer foam material that attenuates ground reactionforces to lessen stresses upon the foot and leg during walking, running,and other ambulatory activities. The outsole is secured to a lowersurface of the midsole and forms a ground-engaging portion of the solestructure that is formed from a durable and wear-resistant material. Thesole structure may also include a sockliner positioned within the voidand proximal a lower surface of the foot to enhance footwear comfort.

The upper generally extends over the instep and toe areas of the foot,along the medial and lateral sides of the foot, and around the heel areaof the foot. In some articles of footwear, such as basketball footwearand boots, the upper may extend upward and around the ankle to providesupport or protection for the ankle. Access to the void on the interiorof the upper is generally provided by an ankle opening in a heel regionof the footwear. A lacing system is often incorporated into the upper toadjust the fit of the upper, thereby permitting entry and removal of thefoot from the void within the upper. The lacing system also permits thewearer to modify certain dimensions of the upper, particularly girth, toaccommodate feet with varying dimensions. In addition, the upper mayinclude a tongue that extends under the lacing system to enhanceadjustability of the footwear, and the upper may incorporate a heelcounter to limit movement of the heel.

Various materials are conventionally utilized in manufacturing theupper. The upper of athletic footwear, for example, may be formed frommultiple material elements. The materials may be selected based uponvarious properties, including stretch-resistance, wear-resistance,flexibility, air-permeability, compressibility, and moisture-wicking,for example. With regard to an exterior of the upper, the toe area andthe heel area may be formed of leather, synthetic leather, or a rubbermaterial to impart a relatively high degree of wear-resistance. Leather,synthetic leather, and rubber materials may not exhibit the desireddegree of flexibility and air-permeability for various other areas ofthe exterior. Accordingly, the other areas of the exterior may be formedfrom a synthetic textile, for example. The exterior of the upper may beformed, therefore, from numerous material elements that each impartdifferent properties to the upper. An intermediate or central layer ofthe upper may be formed from a lightweight polymer foam material thatprovides cushioning and enhances comfort. Similarly, an interior of theupper may be formed of a comfortable and moisture-wicking textile thatremoves perspiration from the area immediately surrounding the foot. Thevarious material elements and other components may be joined with anadhesive or stitching. Accordingly, the conventional upper is formedfrom various material elements that each impart different properties tovarious areas of the footwear.

SUMMARY

A flat knitting process or a variety of other knitting processes may beutilized to form a knitted component for an upper of an article offootwear. Various features may be incorporated into the knittedcomponent. For example, the knitted component may define a tube formedof unitary knit construction, and a strand may extend through a lengthof the tube. As another example, the knitted component may have a pairof at least partially coextensive knitted layers formed of unitary knitconstruction, and a plurality of floating yarns may extend between theknitted layers. In some configurations, the knit type or yarn type mayvary in different regions of the knitted component to impart differentproperties. Additionally, the knitted component may incorporate athermoplastic yarn that is fused in different regions of the knittedcomponent to impart different properties.

The advantages and features of novelty characterizing aspects of theinvention are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. Togain an improved understanding of the advantages and features ofnovelty, however, reference may be made to the following descriptivematter and accompanying figures that describe and illustrate variousconfigurations and concepts related to the invention.

FIGURE DESCRIPTIONS

The foregoing Summary and the following Detailed Description will bebetter understood when read in conjunction with the accompanyingfigures.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an article of footwear.

FIG. 2 is a lateral side elevational view of an article of footwear.

FIG. 3 is a medial side elevational view of the article of footwear.

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the article of footwear.

FIGS. 5A-5D are cross-sectional views of the article of footwear, asrespectively defined by section lines 5A-5D in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a knitted component that forms a portion ofan upper of the article of footwear.

FIGS. 7A-7G are side elevational views corresponding with FIG. 2 anddepicting further configurations of the article of footwear.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views corresponding with FIG. 5D anddepicting further configurations of the article of footwear.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose an article offootwear having an upper that includes a knitted component. The articleof footwear is disclosed as having a general configuration suitable forwalking or running. Concepts associated with the footwear, including theupper, may also be applied to a variety of other athletic footweartypes, including baseball shoes, basketball shoes, cross-training shoes,cycling shoes, football shoes, tennis shoes, soccer shoes, and hikingboots, for example. The concepts may also be applied to footwear typesthat are generally considered to be non-athletic, including dress shoes,loafers, sandals, and work boots. The concepts disclosed herein apply,therefore, to a wide variety of footwear types.

General Footwear Structure

An article of footwear 10 is depicted in FIGS. 1-5D as including a solestructure 20 and an upper 30. For reference purposes, footwear 10 may bedivided into three general regions: a forefoot region 11, a midfootregion 12, and a heel region 13, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Footwear 10also includes a lateral side 14 and a medial side 15. Forefoot region 11generally includes portions of footwear 10 corresponding with the toesand the joints connecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfootregion 12 generally includes portions of footwear 10 corresponding withthe arch area of the foot, and heel region 13 corresponds with rearportions of the foot, including the calcaneus bone. Lateral side 14 andmedial side 15 extend through each of regions 11-13 and correspond withopposite sides of footwear 10. Regions 11-13 and sides 14-15 are notintended to demarcate precise areas of footwear 10. Rather, regions11-13 and sides 14-15 are intended to represent general areas offootwear 10 to aid in the following discussion. In addition to footwear10, regions 11-13 and sides 14-15 may also be applied to sole structure20, upper 30, and individual elements thereof.

Sole structure 20 is secured to upper 30 and extends between the footand the ground when footwear 10 is worn. The primary elements of solestructure 20 are a midsole 21, an outsole 22, and an sockliner 23.Midsole 21 is secured to a lower surface of upper 30 and may be formedfrom a compressible polymer foam element (e.g., a polyurethane orethylvinylacetate foam) that attenuates ground reaction forces (i.e.,provides cushioning) when compressed between the foot and the groundduring walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. In furtherconfigurations, midsole 21 may incorporate a fluid-filled bladder thatsupplements the ground reaction force attenuation properties, or midsole21 may be primarily formed from the fluid-filled bladder. Outsole 22 issecured to a lower surface of midsole 21 and may be formed from awear-resistant rubber material that is textured to impart traction.Sockliner 23 is located within upper 30 and is positioned to extendunder a lower surface of the foot. Although this configuration for solestructure 20 provides an example of a sole structure that may be used inconnection with upper 30, a variety of other conventional ornonconventional configurations for sole structure 20 may also beutilized. Accordingly, the structure and features of sole structure 20or any sole structure utilized with upper 30 may vary considerably.

Upper 30 defines a void within footwear 10 for receiving and securing afoot relative to sole structure 20. The void is shaped to accommodatethe foot and extends along the lateral side of the foot, along themedial side of the foot, over the foot, around the heel, and under thefoot. Access to the void is provided by an ankle opening 31 located inat least heel region 13. A lace 32 extends through portions of upper 30,as described in greater detail below, and permits the wearer to modifydimensions of upper 30 to accommodate the proportions of the foot. Moreparticularly, lace 32 permits the wearer to tighten upper 30 around thefoot, and lace 32 permits the wearer to loosen upper 30 to facilitateentry and removal of the foot from the void (i.e., through ankle opening31). In addition, upper 30 includes a tongue 33 that extends under lace32.

A majority of upper 30 is formed from a knitted component 40 that may,for example, be manufactured through a flat knitting process. Knittedcomponent 40 extends through each of regions 11-13, along both lateralside 14 and medial side 15, over forefoot region 11, and around heelregion 13. In addition, knitted component 40 forms both an interiorsurface and an opposite exterior surface of upper 30. As such, knittedcomponent 40 defines at least a portion of the void within upper 30, andknitted component 40 also defines ankle opening 31 to provide access tothe void. In some configurations, knitted component 40 may also extendunder the foot. For purposes of example in the various figures, however,a strobel sock 34 is secured to knitted component 40 and forms amajority of the portion of upper 30 that extends under the foot. In thisconfiguration, sockliner 23 extends over strobel sock 34 and forms asurface upon which the foot rests.

Knitted Component Configuration

Knitted component 40 incorporates various knit types that impartdifferent properties to separate areas of upper 30. As an example thatis depicted in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5A, knitted component 40 forms variousapertures 41 that extend through upper 30 in forefoot region 11, whereasmany other areas of upper 30 have a more continuous or less-aperturedconfiguration. In addition to imparting greater permeability, whichallows air to circulate within upper 30, apertures 41 may increase boththe flexibility and stretch of upper 30 in forefoot region 11. Asfurther examples, other properties that may be varied through selectingparticular knit types for a particular area of knitted component 40include permeability to liquids, the directions in which knittedcomponent 40 stretches or resists stretch, the stiffness of knittedcomponent 40, and the compressibility of knitted component 40.Additional examples of knitted components for footwear uppers that haveareas with different knit types to impart different properties may befound in U.S. Pat. No. 6,931,762 to Dua and U.S. Pat. No. 7,347,011 toDua, et al., both of which are entirely incorporated herein byreference. As a related matter, the density of the knit within knittedcomponent 40 may vary among separate areas of upper 30 to, for example,make less-permeable or stiffer portions. Accordingly, knitted component40 may exhibit various properties in separate areas depending upon theparticular knit type that is selected for the areas.

Knitted component 40 may also incorporate various yarn types that impartdifferent properties to separate areas of upper 30. Moreover, bycombining various yarn types with various stitch types, knittedcomponent 40 may impart a range of different properties to separateareas of upper 30. The properties that a particular type of yarn willimpart to an area of knitted component 40 partially depend upon thematerials that form the various filaments and fibers within the yarn.Cotton, for example, provides a soft hand, natural aesthetics, andbiodegradability. Elastane and stretch polyester each providesubstantial stretch and recoverability, with stretch polyester alsoproviding recycleability. Rayon provides high luster and moistureabsorption. Wool also provides high moisture absorption, in addition toinsulating properties. Nylon is a durable and abrasion-resistantmaterial with high strength. Polyester is a hydrophobic material thatalso provides relatively high durability. In addition to materials,other aspects relating to the yarn may affect the properties of upper30. For example, the yarn may be a monofilament yarn or a multifilamentyarn. The yarn may also include separate filaments that are each formedof different materials. The yarn may also include filaments that areeach formed of two or more different materials, such as a bicomponentyarn with filaments having a sheath-core configuration or two halvesformed of different materials. Different degrees of twist and crimping,as well as different deniers, may affect the properties of upper 30where the yarn is located. Accordingly, both the materials forming theyarn and other aspects of the yarn may be selected to impart a varietyof properties to separate areas of upper 30.

In addition to knit types and yarn types, knitted component 40 mayincorporate various knitted structures. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, forexample, knitted component 40 includes various tubes 42 in which strands43 are located. Tubes 42 are generally hollow structures formed by twooverlapping and at least partially coextensive layers of knittedmaterial, as depicted in FIGS. 5B and 5C. Although the sides or edges ofone layer of the knitted material forming tubes 42 may be secured to theother layer, a central area is generally unsecured such that anotherelement (e.g., strands 43) may be located between the two layers ofknitted material and pass through tubes 42. An additional example ofknitted components for footwear uppers that have overlapping or at leastpartially coextensive layers may be found in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication 2008/0110048 to Dua, et al., which is incorporated herein byreference.

Tubes 42 extend upward along lateral side 14 and medial side 15. Eachtube 42 is adjacent to at least one other tube 42 to form a tube pair.In general, one of strands 43 passes through a first tube 42 of a tubepair, extends outward from an upper end of the first tube 42, forms aloop 44 on the exterior of upper 30, extends into an upper end of asecond tube 42 of the tube pair, and passes through the second tube 42.That is, each strand 43 passes through at least two tubes 42, and anexposed portion of the strand 43 forms a loop 44.

An individual strand 43 may only pass through two adjacent tubes 42(i.e., a single tube pair) such that the strand 43 forms a single loop44. In this configuration, end portions of the strand 43 exit lower endsof the two adjacent tubes 42 and may be secured to sole structure 20under strobel sock 34, for example, to prevent the end portions frombeing pulled through one of tubes 42. In another configuration, anindividual strand 43 may pass through each of tubes 42, thereby passingthrough multiple tube pairs and forming multiple loops 44. In yetanother configuration, one strand 43 may pass through each of tubes 42located on lateral side 14, and another strand 43 may pass through eachof tubes 42 located on medial side 15. In general, therefore, anindividual strand 43 passes through at least one tube pair to form atleast one loop 44, but may pass through multiple tube pairs to formmultiple loops 44.

Referring to FIGS. 1-4, lace 32 extends through each of loops 44 andalso passes through various apertures 41 that are formed in knittedcomponent 40 adjacent to each of loops 44. The combination of lace 32,the apertures 41 through which lace 32 extends, the various tubes 42 onboth lateral side 14 and medial side 15, strands 43, and loops 44provide an effective lacing system for upper 30. When lace 32 is placedin tension (i.e., when the wearer is tying lace 32), tension may also beinduced in strands 43. In the absence of strands 43, other portions ofknitted component 40 would bear the tension and resulting stresses fromtying lace 32. The presence of strands 43, however, provides a separateelement to bear the tension and stresses. Moreover, a majority ofknitted component 40 may be generally formed through selection of knittype and yarn type to stretch when placed in tension, thereby allowingupper 30 to conform with the contours of the foot. Strands 43, however,may be generally non-stretch in comparison with upper 30.

Strands 43 may be formed from a variety of materials and may have theconfigurations of a rope, thread, webbing, cable, yarn, filament, orchain, for example. In some configurations, strands are located withintubes 42 during the knitting process that forms knitted component 40. Assuch, strands 43 may be formed from any generally one-dimensionalmaterial that may be utilized in a knitting machine or other device thatforms knitted component 40. As utilized with respect to the presentinvention, the term “one-dimensional material” or variants thereof isintended to encompass generally elongate materials exhibiting a lengththat is substantially greater than a width and a thickness. Accordingly,suitable materials for strands 43 include various filaments, fibers, andyarns, that are formed from rayon, nylon, polyester, polyacrylic, silk,cotton, carbon, glass, aramids (e.g., para-aramid fibers and meta-aramidfibers), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, and liquid crystalpolymer. In addition to filaments and yarns, other one-dimensionalmaterials may be utilized for strands 43. Although one-dimensionalmaterials will often have a cross-section where width and thickness aresubstantially equal (e.g., a round or square cross-section), someone-dimensional materials may have a width that is somewhat greater thana thickness (e.g., a rectangular, oval, or otherwise elongatecross-section). Despite the greater width, a material may be consideredone-dimensional if a length of the material is substantially greaterthan a width and a thickness of the material.

Another structure formed by knitted component 40 is a padded collar 45that extends at least partially around ankle opening 31. Referring toFIGS. 1-3, collar 45 exhibits a greater thickness than many otherportions of knitted component 40. In general, collar 45 is formed by twooverlapping and at least partially coextensive layers of knittedmaterial (i.e., a tubular structure) and a plurality of floating yarns46 extending between the layers, as depicted in FIG. 5D. Although thesides or edges of one layer of knitted material forming collar 45 may besecured to the other layer of knitted material, a central area isgenerally unsecured. As such, the layers of knitted material effectivelyform a tube or tubular structure similar to tubes 42, and floating yarns46 may be located or laid-in between the two layers of knitted materialto pass through the tubes. That is, floating yarns 46 extend between thelayers of knitted material, are generally parallel to surfaces of theknitted material, and also pass through and fill an interior volumebetween the layers. Whereas a majority of knitted component 40 is formedfrom yarns that are mechanically-manipulated to form a knittedcomponent, floating yarns 46 are generally free or otherwise laid-inwithin the interior volume between the layers of knitted materialforming the exterior of collar 45.

Whereas tubes 42 include a single strand 43, collar 45 includes aplurality of floating yarns 46 that extend through the area between thelayers of knitted material. Accordingly, knitted component 40 may formgenerally tubular structures having one or multiple yarns within thetubular structures. Moreover, floating yarns 46 may be formed from avariety of materials and may be located within collar 45 during theknitting process that forms knitted component 40. As such, floatingyarns 46 may be formed from any generally one-dimensional material thatmay be utilized in a knitting machine or other device that forms knittedcomponent 40.

The presence of floating yarns 46 imparts a compressible aspect tocollar 45, thereby enhancing the comfort of footwear 10 in the area ofankle opening 31. Many conventional articles of footwear incorporatepolymer foam elements or other compressible materials into a collararea. In contrast with the conventional articles of footwear, collar 45utilizes floating yarns 46 to provide a compressible structure.

The combination of tubes 42 and strands 43 provides upper 30 with astructural element that, for example, resists stretch in a lacingsystem. Similarly, the combination of collar 45 and floating yarns 46provides upper 30 with a structural element that, for example,compresses to impart greater comfort around ankle opening 31. Althoughthese knitted structures provide different benefits to upper 30, theseknitted structures are similar in that each includes (a) a tubularstructure formed from two overlapping and at least partially coextensivelayers of knitted material formed of unitary knit construction and (b)at least one yarn, strand, or other one-dimensional material that islaid-in or otherwise located within the tubular structure and extendsthrough at least a portion of a length of the tubular structure.

Flat Knitting Process

A flat knitting process may be utilized to manufacture knitted component40. Flat knitting is a method for producing a knitted material that isturned periodically (i.e., the material is knitted from alternatingsides). The two sides (otherwise referred to as faces) of the materialare conventionally designated as the right side (i.e., the side thatfaces outwards, towards the viewer) and the wrong side (i.e., the sidethat faces inwards, away from the viewer). Although flat knittingprovides a suitable manner for forming knitted component 40, otherknitting processes may also be utilized, depending upon the featuresthat are incorporated into knitted component 40. Examples of otherknitting processes that may be utilized include wide tube circularknitting, narrow tube circular knit jacquard, single knit circular knitjacquard, double knit circular knit jacquard, warp knit tricot, warpknit raschel, and double needle bar raschel.

An advantage to utilizing a flat knitting process to manufacture knittedcomponent 40 is that each of the features discussed above may beimparted to knitted component 40 through the flat knitting process. Thatis, a flat knitting process may form knitted component 40 to have, forexample, (a) various knit types that impart different properties toseparate areas of upper 30, (b) various yarn types that impart differentproperties to separate areas of upper 30, (c) knitted components withthe configuration of overlapping knitted layers in tubes 42, (d) amaterial such as strand 43 that is laid into tubes 42, (e) knittedcomponents with the configuration of overlapping knitted layers incollar 45, and (f) floating yarns between layers of knitted material incollar 45. Moreover, each of these features, as well as other features,may be incorporated into knitted component 40 through a single flatknitting process. As such, a flat knitting process may be utilized tosubstantially form upper 30 to have various properties and structuralfeatures that are advantageous to footwear 10.

Although one or more yarns may be mechanically-manipulated by anindividual to form knitted component 40 (i.e., knitted component 40 maybe formed by hand), flat-knitting machines may provide an efficientmanner of forming relatively large numbers of knitted component 40. Theflat-knitting machines may also be utilized to vary the dimensions ofknitted component 40 to form uppers 30 that are suitable for footwearwith different sizes based on one or both of the length and width of afoot. Additionally, the flat-knitting machines may be utilized to varythe configuration of knitted component 40 to form uppers 30 that aresuitable for both left and right feet. Various aspects of knittedcomponent 40 may also be varied to provide a custom fit for individuals.Accordingly, the use of mechanical flat-knitting machines may provide anefficient manner of forming multiple knitted components 40 havingdifferent sizes and configurations.

Knitted component 40 incorporates various features and structures formedof unitary knit construction. In general, the features and structuresare formed of unitary knit construction when incorporated into knittedcomponent 40 through the flat knitting process, rather than otherprocesses (e.g., stitching, bonding, shaping) that are performed afterthe flat knitting process. As an example, tubes 42 and portions ofcollar 45 are formed from overlapping and at least partially coextensivelayers of knitted material, and sides or edges of one layer may besecured to the other layer. The two layers of knitted material aregenerally formed during the flat knitting process and do not involvesupplemental stitching, bonding, or shaping processes. The overlappinglayers are, therefore, formed of unitary knit construction through theflat knitting process. As another example, the regions of knittedcomponent 40 formed from knit types that define apertures 41 are formedof unitary knit construction through the flat knitting process. As yetanother example, floating yarns 46 are formed of unitary knitconstruction.

A further advantage of utilizing a flat knitting process to form knittedcomponent 40 is that three-dimensional aspects may be incorporated intoupper 30. Upper 30 has a curved or otherwise three-dimensional structurethat extends around the foot and conforms with a shape of the foot. Theflat knitting process may, for example, form areas of knitted component40 with some curvature in order to complement the shape of the foot.Examples of knitted components for footwear uppers that havethree-dimensional aspects may be found in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication 2008/0110048 to Dua, et al., which is incorporated herein byreference.

Knitted component 40 is depicted separate from footwear 10 and followingthe flat knitting process in FIG. 6. Whereas edges of many textilematerials are cut to expose ends of the yarns forming the textilematerials, knitted component 40 may be formed to have a finishedconfiguration. That is, flat-knitting or other knitting techniques maybe utilized to form knitted component 40 such that ends of the yarnswithin knitted component 40 are substantially absent from the edges ofknitted component 40. An advantage of the finished configuration formedthrough flat-knitting is that the yarns forming the edges of knittedcomponent 40 are less likely to unravel, which is an inherent issue withweft knit materials. By forming finished edges, the integrity of knittedcomponent 40 is strengthened and fewer or no post-processing steps arerequired to prevent unraveling. In addition, loose yarns are also lesslikely to inhibit the aesthetic appearance of upper 30. In other words,the finished configuration of knitted component 40 may enhance thedurability and aesthetic qualities of upper 20, while increasingmanufacturing efficiency.

Knitted component 40 provides one example of a configuration that issuitable for upper 30 of footwear 10. Depending upon the intended use ofan article of footwear, the desired properties of the article offootwear, and advantageous structural attributes of the article offootwear, for example, a knitted component similar to knitted component40 may be formed through flat knitting to have the desired features.That is, flat knitting may be utilized to (a) locate specific knit typesin desired areas of the knitted component, (b) locate specific yarntypes in desired areas of the knitted component, (c) form overlappingknitted layers similar to tubes 42 and collar 45 in desired areas of theknitted component, (d) place strands or floating yarns similar tostrands 43 and floating yarns 46 between the knitted layers, (e) formthree-dimensional aspects in the knitted component, and (f) impartfinished edges. More particularly, any of the features discussed above,for example, may be mixed and matched within a knitted component to formspecific properties or structural attributes for a footwear upper.

Further Configurations

The features of upper 30 discussed above provides one example of asuitable configuration for footwear 10. A variety of otherconfigurations may also be utilized. As an example, some of the featuresdiscussed above may be absent from knitted component 40 in someconfigurations of footwear 10. Referring to FIG. 7A, collar 45 is absentfrom knitted component 40 such that a single layer of knitted materialforms the area extending around ankle opening 31. Similarly, tubes 42and strands 43 are absent in FIG. 7B. By utilizing only the structuresor features that are beneficial for a particular athletic activity, forexample, footwear 10 may have a minimal configuration with onlynecessary or advantageous elements.

As discussed above, separate areas of upper 30 may have differentproperties due to utilizing different knit types or yarn types in thoseareas. Another manner of modifying the properties of particular areasrelates to fusing thermoplastic materials from the yarns in those areas.That is, particular areas may be formed from yarns that incorporatethermoplastic polymer materials. By heating the thermoplastic polymermaterials, adjacent yarns, filaments, or fibers may fuse to each otherin those areas to lock the knit loops together, thereby increasingstiffness or wear-resistance. In some configurations, individual layersof knitted component 40 (e.g., the exterior layer or the interior layerof tubes 42 or collar 45) or laid-in yarns within knitted component 40(i.e., strands 43 or floating yarns 46) may be formed from yarns thatincorporate thermoplastic polymer materials. As an alternative, theentirety of knitted component 40 may also be formed from yarns thatincorporate thermoplastic polymer materials, and only portionscorresponding with fused areas 47 may be heated to modify theproperties. Referring to FIG. 7C, knitted component 40 includes twofused areas 47. One of fused areas 47 is in heel region 13 and mayimpart greater stiffness in order to effectively provide a heel counterto footwear 10. Examples of footwear uppers having fused regions may befound in U.S. Pat. No. 6,910,288 to Dua, which is incorporated herein byreference. Another of fused area 47 is in forefoot region 11 and mayimpart greater wear-resistance to the forefoot area. Fusing may also beutilized to reinforce apertures 41, provide areas of decreased flex, ordecrease permeability.

While fusing areas of knitted component 40 may impart greater stiffnessand wear-resistance to those areas, another method may be to increasethe knit density in specific areas. Referring to FIG. 7D, knittedcomponent 40 includes two dense areas 48. One of dense areas 48 is inheel region 13 and may impart greater stiffness in order to effectivelyprovide a heel counter to footwear 10. Another of dense areas 48 is inforefoot region 11 and may impart greater wear-resistance to theforefoot area. As with forming fused areas 47, forming a denser knit mayalso be utilized to reinforce apertures 41, provide areas of decreasedflex, or decrease permeability.

Knitted component 40 forms both an interior surface and an oppositeexterior surface of upper 30. In some configurations of footwear 10,other elements may be utilized in combination with knitted component 40,and the other elements may form a portion or all of one of the interioror exterior surfaces. Referring to FIG. 7E, a heel counter 35 is securedto knitted component 40 in heel region 13 and may be formed from arelatively stiff polymer material. An adhesive bonding process may beutilized to join heel counter 35 to knitted component 40. In otherconfigurations, a lining may extend over the interior surface, therebyforming a portion of the void within upper 30. Other materials may bewelded, adhered, or bonded onto the exterior surface to protect the knitstructure of knitted component 40 or provide other benefits to footwear10.

Tubes 42 are depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3 as being immediately adjacent toat least one other tube 42. The relative positions of tubes 42 may,however, vary significantly. Referring to FIG. 7F, tubes 42 areseparated from each other and form V-shaped structures. Whereas tubes 42may be utilized as part of a lacing system, tubes 42 or similarstructures may also be utilized to impart longitudinalstretch-resistance. Referring to FIG. 7G, tubes 42 extendlongitudinally, and strands 43 within tubes 42 may resist stretchthrough each of regions 11-13.

The manner in which yarns 46 are incorporated into collar 45 may varysignificantly. In the configuration discussed above, floating yarns 46are generally parallel to the layers of knitted material forming collar45 when passing the tubular structure. Referring to FIG. 8A, yarns 46extend from one layer of knitted material to another layer of knittedmaterial and are generally perpendicular to the layers, therebyimparting a structure similar to a spacer-knit material that is formedthrough the flat knitting process. As depicted in an enlarged area ofFIG. 8A, yarns 46 may extend around yarns forming the knitted layers. Inone configuration, yarns 46 may be the same yarns that form the knittedlayers. That is, yarns 46 may be unknitted portions of the yarns thatform the knitted layers. In another configuration, yarns 46 may beunsecured or otherwise separate (i.e., do not extend around) the yarnsforming the knitted layers. Accordingly, yarns 46 may be incorporatedinto knitted component 40 in a variety of ways. As a further matter,some configurations of upper 30 may include a polymer foam material thatis placed between the layers of knitted material following themanufacture of knitted component 40.

As noted above, collar 45 may have a structure similar to a spacer-knitmaterial, wherein yarns 46 extend from one layer of knitted material toanother layer of knitted material and in a direction that is generallyperpendicular to the layers. Although collar 45 is a suitable area forhaving this structure, the flat-knitting process may be utilized toimpart the structure of a spacer-knit material to any area of knittedcomponent 40. For example, the spacer-knit configuration may bepositioned on either of sides 14 and 15 in forefoot region 11 or midfootregion 12 to impart a cushioning or compressible aspect to upper 20.Portions of strobel sock 23 or tongue 33 may also be formed through aflat knitting process to have a spacer-knit configuration. Moreover, avariety of yarns types may be utilized for areas of knitted component 40having the spacer-knit configuration, including mono-filament yarns ortextured yarns.

In the various configurations discussed above, sockliner 23 is aseparate element that is located within the void in upper 20 and strobelsock 34 is a separate element that is joined with edges of knittedcomponent 40. The flat knitting process may also be utilized to formsockliner 23 and strobel sock 34 of unitary knit construction, asdepicted in FIG. 8B. As with collar 45, a sockliner 23 of unitary knitconstruction may be formed to include floating yarns that impart acompressible configuration. The flat knitting process may also beutilized to form other elements, such as tongue 33, of unitary knitconstruction.

Manufacturing Efficiency

As discussed in the Background section above, the upper of athleticfootwear, for example, may be formed from multiple material elementsthat each impart different properties to various areas of the footwear.In order to manufacture a conventional upper, the material elements arecut to desired shapes and then joined together, usually with stitchingor adhesive bonding. As the number and types of material elementsincorporated into an upper increases, the time and expense associatedwith transporting, stocking, cutting, and joining the material elementsmay also increase. Waste material from cutting and stitching processesalso accumulates to a greater degree as the number and types of materialelements incorporated into the upper increases. Moreover, footwear witha greater number of materials, material elements, and other componentsmay be more difficult to recycle than uppers formed from few elementsand materials. By decreasing the number of elements and materialsutilized in an upper, therefore, waste may be decreased while increasingthe efficiency of manufacture and recycleability.

Whereas conventional uppers require a variety of manufacturing stepsinvolving a plurality of material elements, knitted component 40 may beformed through a single flat knitting process. Following the flatknitting process, a relatively small number of steps are required toincorporate knitted component 40 into footwear 10. More particularly,strobel sock 34 is joined to edges of knitted component 40, two edges inheel region 13 are joined, lace 32 is incorporated, and thesubstantially completed upper 30 is secured with sole structure 20. Incomparison with conventional manufacturing processes, the use of knittedcomponent 40 may reduce the overall number of manufacturing steps.Additionally, waste may be decreased while increasing recycleability.

The invention is disclosed above and in the accompanying figures withreference to a variety of configurations. The purpose served by thedisclosure, however, is to provide an example of the various featuresand concepts related to the invention, not to limit the scope of theinvention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that numerousvariations and modifications may be made to the configurations describedabove without departing from the scope of the present invention, asdefined by the appended claims.

1. An article of footwear having an upper and a sole structure securedto the upper, the upper comprising: a knitted component defining atubular structure formed of unitary knit construction; and a yarn havinga configuration of a one-dimensional material, the yarn extendingthrough at least a portion of a length of the tube.
 2. The article offootwear recited in claim 1, wherein the knitted component extends alonga lateral side of the upper, along a medial side of the upper, over aforefoot region of the upper, and around a heel region of the upper. 3.The article of footwear recited in claim 2, wherein the tubularstructure is located on the lateral side of the upper and is oriented toextend upward from an area proximal the sole structure, and the yarnextends outward from an end of the tubular structure to form a loop thatreceives a lace.
 4. The article of footwear recited in claim 2, whereinthe tubular structure is located in the heel region and around at leasta portion of an ankle opening of the upper, and the yarn and a pluralityof additional yarns are located within the tubular structure.
 5. Anarticle of footwear having an upper and a sole structure secured to theupper, the upper comprising: a first knitted layer that forms at least aportion of an exterior surface of the upper; a second knitted layerformed of unitary knit construction with the first knitted layer, thesecond knitted layer being positioned adjacent to the first knittedlayer and at least partially coextensive with the first knitted layer todefine a tube between the first knitted layer and the second knittedlayer; and a strand having a configuration of a one-dimensionalmaterial, the strand extending through the tube and between the firstknitted layer and the second knitted layer.
 6. The article of footwearrecited in claim 5, wherein the first knitted layer extends along alateral side of the upper, along a medial side of the upper, over aforefoot region of the upper, and around a heel region of the upper. 7.The article of footwear recited in claim 5, wherein the tube is orientedto extend upward from an area proximal the sole structure, a portion ofthe strand extending outward from an end of the tube and forming a loopthat receives a lace.
 8. The article of footwear recited in claim 7,wherein the first knitted layer defines an aperture adjacent to the endof the tube, and the lace extends through the aperture.
 9. The articleof footwear recited in claim 7, wherein the strand extends into anothertube formed by the first knitted layer and the second knitted layer. 10.An article of footwear having an upper and a sole structure secured tothe upper, the upper comprising: a knitted component defining a firsttube and a second tube each formed of unitary knit construction, thefirst tube and the second tube extending in an upward direction from anarea proximal the sole structure, and ends of the first tube and thesecond tube being located in an upper area of the upper; a strandextending through the first tube and the second tube, a portion of thestrand extending outward from the ends of the first tube and the secondtube to form a loop; and a lace extending through the loop.
 11. Thearticle of footwear recited in claim 10, wherein the first tube and thesecond tube are adjacent and parallel to each other.
 12. The article offootwear recited in claim 10, wherein the knitted component defines anaperture adjacent to the ends of the first tube and the second tube, andthe lace extends through the aperture.
 13. The article of footwearrecited in claim 10, wherein the knitted component includes: a pair ofat least partially coextensive knitted layers formed of unitary knitconstruction; and a plurality of floating yarns extending between theknitted layers.
 14. The article of footwear recited in claim 13, whereinthe knitted layers and the floating yarns are located adjacent to anankle opening of the upper.
 15. An article of footwear having an upperand a sole structure secured to the upper, the upper comprising: aknitted component defining a plurality of tubes formed of unitary knitconstruction, a first portion of the tubes being located on a lateralside of the footwear, and a second portion of the tubes being located ona medial side of the footwear; at least one strand extending through thetubes and extending outward from ends of tubes to form a plurality ofloops, the strand having a configuration of a one-dimensional material;and a lace extending through the loops.
 16. The article of footwearrecited in claim 15, wherein the knitted component defines aperturesadjacent to the ends of the tubes, and the lace extends through theapertures.
 17. The article of footwear recited in claim 15, wherein atleast two of the tubes are adjacent and parallel to each other.
 18. Thearticle of footwear recited in claim 15, wherein the knitted componentforms a majority of an exterior surface of the upper.
 19. The article offootwear recited in claim 15, wherein the knitted component includes: apair of at least partially coextensive knitted layers formed of unitaryknit construction; and a plurality of floating yarns located between theknitted layers and extending in a direction that is substantiallyparallel to the knitted layers, the knitted layers and the floatingyarns being located adjacent to an ankle opening of the upper.
 20. Thearticle of footwear recited in claim 15, wherein a first area of theknitted component has a first knit type and a second area of the knittedcomponent has a second knit type, the first knit type being differentthan the second knit type.
 21. The article of footwear recited in claim15, wherein a first area of the knitted component has a first yarn typeand a second area of the knitted component has a second yarn type, thefirst yarn type being different than the second yarn type.
 22. Anarticle of footwear having an upper that includes a lacing system, thelacing system comprising: a knitted component that defines (a) a tubeformed of unitary knit construction and (b) an aperture positionedadjacent to an end of the tube; a strand extending through the tube andforming a loop; and a lace extending through the loop and the aperture.23. An article of footwear having an upper and a sole structure securedto the upper, the upper comprising a knitted component that includes: afirst knitted layer and a second knitted layer that are at leastpartially coextensive with each other and formed of unitary knitconstruction; and a plurality of floating yarns located between thefirst knitted layer and the second knitted layer and extending in adirection that is substantially parallel to the first knitted layer andthe second knitted layer.
 24. The article of footwear recited in claim23, wherein the upper defines an interior void for receiving a foot andan ankle opening providing access to the void, the first knitted layer,the second knitted layer, and the floating yarns being positionedadjacent to the ankle opening.
 25. The article of footwear recited inclaim 24, wherein the first knitted layer, the second knitted layer, andthe floating yarns are located on a medial side of the upper and alateral side of the upper.
 26. The article of footwear recited in claim23, wherein the knitted component defines a tube formed of unitary knitconstruction, and a strand extends through a length of the tube.
 27. Thearticle of footwear recited in claim 23, wherein a first area of theknitted component has a first knit type and a second area of the knittedcomponent has a second knit type, the first knit type being differentthan the second knit type.
 28. The article of footwear recited in claim23, wherein a first area of the knitted component has a first yarn typeand a second area of the knitted component has a second yarn type, thefirst yarn type being different than the second yarn type.
 29. Anarticle of footwear having an upper and a sole structure secured to theupper, the upper comprising a knitted component that includes: a firstknitted layer and a second knitted layer formed of unitary knitconstruction, the first knitted layer being at least partiallycoextensive with the second knitted layer to define an interior volumebetween the first knitted layer and the second knitted layer; and aplurality of floating yarns located within the interior volume andextending between the first knitted layer and the second knitted layer.30. The article of footwear recited in claim 29, wherein the upperdefines an interior void for receiving a foot and an ankle openingproviding access to the void, the first knitted layer, the secondknitted layer, and the floating yarns being positioned adjacent to theankle opening.
 31. The article of footwear recited in claim 30, whereinthe first knitted layer, the second knitted layer, and the floatingyarns are located on a medial side of the upper, located on a lateralside of the upper, and extend around a heel region of the upper.
 32. Anarticle of footwear having an upper and a sole structure secured to theupper, the upper defining an interior void for receiving a foot of awearer, and the upper having an ankle opening that provides access tothe void, the upper comprising a knitted component that includes: afirst knitted layer forming at least a portion of an exterior surface ofthe upper adjacent to the ankle opening; a second knitted layer formingat least a portion of an interior surface of the upper adjacent to theankle opening; and a plurality of floating yarns located between thefirst knitted layer and the second knitted layer, wherein the firstknitted layer and the second knitted layer are joined to each other atthe ankle opening and at a location spaced from the ankle opening todefine a separated area therebetween, and the floating yarns are locatedin the separated area.
 33. The article of footwear recited in claim 32,wherein the knitted component extends along a lateral side of the upper,along a medial side of the upper, over a forefoot region of the upper,and around a heel region of the upper.
 34. The article of footwearrecited in claim 32, wherein the floating yarns are substantiallyparallel to the first knitted layer and the second knitted layer. 35.The article of footwear recited in claim 32, wherein a portion of theknitted component located in a midfoot region of the footwear defining atube formed of unitary knit construction, and a strand extends through alength of the tube.
 36. A method of manufacturing an article offootwear, the method comprising: utilizing a flat knitting process toform a knitted component that includes at least one yarn incorporating athermoplastic polymer material; heating at least an area of the knittedcomponent to fuse the yarn incorporating the thermoplastic polymermaterial; and incorporating the knitted component into an upper of thearticle of footwear.
 37. The method recited in claim 36, wherein thestep of utilizing the flat knitting process includes locating the yarnincorporating the thermoplastic polymer material throughout the knittedcomponent.
 38. The method recited in claim 36, wherein the step ofutilizing the flat knitting process includes locating the yarnincorporating the thermoplastic polymer in only the area of the knittedcomponent.
 39. The method recited in claim 36, wherein the step ofincorporating includes locating the area of the knitted component in aheel region of the footwear.
 40. The method recited in claim 36, whereinthe step of incorporating includes locating the area of the knittedcomponent in a forefoot region of the footwear.
 41. A method ofmanufacturing an article of footwear, the method comprising: utilizing aflat knitting process to form a knitted component that includes a firstknitted layer, a second knitted layer, and a plurality of yarns securedto the first knitted layer and the second knitted layer and extendingfrom the first knitted layer to the second knitted layer; andincorporating the knitted component into an upper of the article offootwear.
 42. The method recited in claim 41, further including a stepof selecting the yarns to be mono-filament yarns.